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Stone Fragmentation

Introduction Stone fragmentation (lithotripsy) is a method of treating urolithiasis that involves breaking down stones and removing them from the urinary system using endoscopic equipment. The procedure is performed using micro-instruments and a video camera, which are inserted through the urethra or laparoscopically. As a result, the intervention is minimally invasive and does not leave large postoperative scars. Stone fragmentation is performed under anesthesia, ensuring the patient does not experience pain.

Indications for Stone Fragmentation

Urolithiasis is associated with the formation of calculi, which vary in composition, size, and shape. It begins with sediment accumulation, which over time leads to stone formation. Small formations may exit the kidney naturally through the ureter, but an unfavorable anatomical position can lead to gradual enlargement and complications. Indications for stone fragmentation include:

Stones larger than 5 mm;
Coral-shaped stones that can damage the urinary organs;
Multiple stones;
Fused stones;
Frequent episodes of acute renal colic;
Ineffectiveness of conservative treatment methods.

Types of Surgical Interventions for Kidney Stones

The choice of surgical method depends on the stone's location, size, urinary system condition, and overall health. Two approaches are commonly used for nephrolithotripsy:

Retrograde stone fragmentation. Endoscopic equipment is introduced into the urinary system through the urethra. A microtube is inserted through the ureter into the kidney, where ultrasound or laser technology is used to break down the deposits. This method is minimally invasive, ensures rapid recovery, and does not leave postoperative scars.
Percutaneous stone fragmentation. This procedure involves laparoscopic access to the kidney by making a small incision in the lumbar area to insert micro-instruments. The surgeon then performs lithotripsy using laser or ultrasound technology.

Both techniques require general anesthesia and are conducted under precise visual control via innovative mini-video cameras.

Surgical Stone Treatment at Helyos Clinic

The specialists at "Helyos" Clinic successfully utilize both retrograde and percutaneous lithotripsy methods. A comprehensive diagnosis is conducted to determine the appropriate treatment approach, analyzing all potential risks and complications. "Helyos" Clinic is equipped with modern ultrasound and laser lithotripters, allowing for the treatment of urolithiasis of any complexity with maximum efficiency.

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Stages of the Lithotripsy Procedure

To ensure a successful lithotripsy procedure, a thorough diagnosis is required. Patients first undergo consultations with a nephrologist, urologist, and surgeon. The primary objective is to identify the stone's location, size, and number. Effective diagnostic methods include kidney ultrasound and CT scans. Before the procedure, patients undergo a comprehensive health assessment, which includes:

ECG;
Fluorography;
Abdominal ultrasound;
Blood pressure and pulse measurement;
Clinical blood and urine tests.

The contact lithotripsy procedure consists of the following steps:

Hygiene preparation of external genitalia;
Administration of anesthesia;
Insertion of equipment (transurethrally or transabdominally);
Breaking down the stone’s solid structure;
Fragmenting the stone into particles smaller than 0.5 mm;
Completion of the procedure.

Rehabilitation After Surgical Stone Treatment at Helyos Clinic

The rehabilitation period after lithotripsy depends on the chosen treatment method and the patient’s overall health. The transurethral approach significantly shortens recovery time, allowing patients to be discharged from the hospital within 2–3 days. To prevent complications, patients must take prescribed medications, including diuretics, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and pain-relieving drugs. In the first few days after stone fragmentation, patients may experience:

Burning and sharp pain during urination;
Blood, sand, and stone fragments in the urine;
Discomfort in the lumbar region;
Slight fever.

These symptoms are normal and usually subside within 3–5 days. The percutaneous method slightly extends the rehabilitation period, which typically lasts up to two months. For large or multiple stones, a nephrostomy tube may be placed to drain urine with deposits through an opening in the lumbar region. During recovery, patients should follow these guidelines:

Avoid excessive physical exertion;
Regularly change antibacterial dressings;
Refrain from harmful habits;
Drink an adequate daily amount of clean water;
Follow a recommended diet;
Take prescribed medications;
Visit the doctor regularly.

It is crucial to understand that the disease prognosis depends on the patient’s lifestyle. To prevent stone recurrence, patients should maintain a diet that limits chocolate, coffee, tea, nuts, alcohol, red meat, salt, and other triggering substances. The specialists at "Helyos" Clinic support patients throughout the rehabilitation process, ensuring a quick return to normal life.

Advantages of Stone Fragmentation at Helyos Clinic

The "Helyos" Medical Center is fully equipped with modern technology to perform surgical interventions of any complexity successfully. Our doctors (top-category surgeons, candidates of medical sciences) take an individualized approach to each patient, conduct thorough diagnostics, and select the most effective treatment method. At "Helyos" Clinic in Dnipro, experienced specialists of the highest category apply the latest techniques and achieve the best treatment outcomes for urolithiasis through lithotripsy. Each patient room is fully equipped for a comfortable stay before and after the procedure.