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Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (Gallbladder Removal)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder. The operation is performed through several small incisions in the abdomen using a laparoscope — a thin instrument equipped with a camera. This method offers numerous advantages, such as reduced trauma, faster recovery, and a lower risk of infections and postoperative complications compared to traditional open surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is commonly used to treat gallstone disease and other gallbladder pathologies.

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Indications for Gallbladder Removal

The decision to remove the gallbladder is made after a thorough examination of the hepatobiliary system. Cholecystectomy is an effective treatment for the following conditions:

Gallstone disease (cholelithiasis)
Acute cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder not responsive to medication)
Chronic cholecystitis
Gallbladder polyps
Gallbladder dyskinesia
Gallbladder cancer or suspected malignancy
Complications of gallstone disease (biliary colic, pancreatitis, jaundice, etc.)

Contraindications to Cholecystectomy

Contraindications are determined by the physician and include:

Decompensated somatic diseases
Uncontrolled coagulopathy (blood clotting disorders)
Pregnancy (especially during the first trimester)
Acute infectious diseases
Widespread peritonitis
Severe liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension
Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

These contraindications require careful evaluation and consultation to determine the feasibility and safety of surgery.

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Diagnostic Tests Before Gallbladder Removal

Before surgery, important examinations are conducted to assess the patient’s condition and confirm indications for the operation. These tests include:

Ultrasound (US) of the abdominal organs
Complete blood and urine tests
Biochemical blood tests (to assess liver and pancreas function)
Coagulogram (blood clotting assessment)
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiovascular system evaluation

These studies allow Helyos Clinic doctors to get a comprehensive picture of the gallbladder’s condition and make an informed decision about the necessity and safety of cholecystectomy.

Stages of Gallbladder Removal Surgery

Preparation for Surgery

Before laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a gentle diet must be followed, with the last meal at least 12 hours prior to surgery. On the day of the procedure, preoperative examinations are conducted, including lab tests, ultrasound, consultations with the anesthesiologist, and administration of necessary medications to prepare for anesthesia.

Surgical Procedure

The main steps of laparoscopic cholecystectomy include:

Induction of anesthesia
Antiseptic preparation of the surgical area
Making small incisions
Insertion of trocars
Removal of the gallbladder
Suturing the incisions
Completion of the operation

After the procedure, the patient is awakened from anesthesia and moved to a recovery room for observation. The laparoscopic surgery usually lasts no longer than 60 minutes; if an open surgery (laparotomy) is required, the operation time increases.

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Rehabilitation and Recovery

The recovery period depends on the type and extent of the surgery and the patient’s overall health. Using laparoscopic techniques allows for a significantly shorter recovery time. Usually, the patient stays in the clinic for 2-3 days under constant medical supervision. After discharge, patients receive recommendations and continue recovery at home. The rehabilitation period after minimally invasive cholecystectomy is typically 1-3 months, during which the patient should:

Limit physical exertion
Follow a gentle diet
Perform antiseptic wound care
Practice therapeutic exercises
Avoid harmful habits
Drink plenty of fluids
Take prescribed medications
Attend regular follow-up visits

Following the doctor’s recommendations during rehabilitation is key to successful recovery. Regular check-ups help detect and prevent potential complications.

Advantages of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at Helyos Clinic

The Helyos Medical Center is equipped with all the necessary modern technology to successfully perform surgical procedures of any complexity. Our doctors apply a comprehensive and individualized approach to each patient, conduct thorough diagnostics, and choose the most effective treatment method. Experienced top-category specialists at the Helyos Clinic in Dnipro use the latest techniques and demonstrate excellent outcomes in treating gallbladder diseases with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Each patient room is equipped with all necessary amenities for a comfortable stay before and after surgery.