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Ovarian adenomyosis

Ovarian adenomyosis is a rare but serious condition in which endometrial tissue (the lining of the uterus) grows outside the uterus and invades the ovarian tissue. This can lead to cysts or other abnormalities in the ovaries, as well as inflammation.

Causes of ovarian adenomyosis:

The causes of ovarian adenomyosis are similar to those of other forms of adenomyosis and include:
Hormonal imbalances: Increased estrogen levels can stimulate the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
Postoperative conditions: For example, after uterine surgery, such as cesarean section, abortion, or surgery for endometriosis.
Having other gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome.
Heredity: If there is a family history of adenomyosis or endometriosis, the risk of developing this condition is higher.

Symptoms of ovarian adenomyosis:

Lower abdominal pain, often worse during menstruation.
Menstrual irregularities: Irregular menstruation or bleeding between periods.
Infertility: In some cases, ovarian adenomyosis can cause problems with conception.
Pain during intercourse (dysmenorrhea).
Enlarged ovaries or the presence of cysts, which can be detected during an ultrasound.
General weakness and a feeling of discomfort in the pelvic area.

Diagnosis of ovarian adenomyosis:

Gynecological examination: Palpation of the abdomen and pelvic organs to detect painful areas or changes in the size of the ovaries.
Ultrasound examination (US): This is the main method for detecting ovarian cysts, organ enlargement, and changes in their structure.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI helps to accurately determine the location and depth of penetration of endometrial tissue into the ovaries.
Laparoscopy: Used to directly examine the internal organs and can help in the diagnosis of adenomyosis, as well as for surgical interventions.

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Treatment of ovarian adenomyosis:

Medication:

Hormonal drugs: Contraceptives, progestins, or hormonal IUDs to reduce estrogen levels and stop the growth of endometrial tissue.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): To reduce pain and inflammation.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists to block estrogen and reduce the size of the cyst.

Surgical treatment:

Laparoscopy to remove cysts or other abnormal growths in the ovaries.
Oophorectomy (removal of the ovary) may be necessary in severe cases when other methods have not worked and there is a risk of complications.

Prevention:

Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent complications such as infertility or chronic abdominal pain.
Regular gynecological examinations and monitoring of the condition of the pelvic organs.

How is the consultation for suspected ovarian adenomyosis:

Initial examination: The doctor asks about symptoms, including pain, menstrual irregularities, and problems with conception, and an initial examination is performed.
Gynecological examination: The doctor assesses the condition of the ovaries by palpation and detects pain or other changes.
Diagnostic procedures: Ultrasound or MRI can determine the presence of cysts or other changes in the ovaries.
Discussion of the treatment plan: The doctor explains the patient in detail the treatment options, including drug therapy or surgery.
Preparation for treatment: The patient may be recommended additional examinations or consultations if surgery is necessary.

Ovarian adenomyosis is a serious disease that requires timely treatment to prevent complications. It is important to consult a doctor at the first signs of the disease to ensure the health and normal functioning of the reproductive system.