Migraine

Migraine: Causes, Triggers, and Modern Treatment Options

Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of severe headache that can significantly affect a person's quality of life. Unlike an ordinary headache, migraine is often accompanied by nausea, increased sensitivity to light and sound, and sometimes visual disturbances. Without appropriate treatment, migraine attacks may become more frequent, more severe, and longer-lasting.

At Helyos Medical Center, patients can consult an experienced neurologist, undergo advanced diagnostic testing, and receive a personalized treatment and migraine prevention plan.

What Is a Migraine and How Is It Different from a Regular Headache?

Migraine is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of headache of varying intensity. The pain is typically throbbing or pulsating and most often affects one side of the head, although it may sometimes involve the entire head.

Unlike tension-type headaches, migraines often worsen with physical activity and are accompanied by additional neurological symptoms. An attack may last from several hours to as long as three days, significantly interfering with daily activities.

Some people experience a migraine aura before the headache begins. Aura consists of temporary disturbances in vision, sensation, or speech and is a characteristic feature of certain types of migraine.

Common Causes and Migraine Triggers

Although the exact mechanism of migraine is still being studied, it is known to be associated with changes in nervous system function, brain blood vessels, and genetic predisposition.

Common migraine triggers include:

• emotional stress;
• insufficient or excessive sleep;
• hormonal changes;
• sudden weather changes;
• prolonged fasting;
• alcohol consumption;
• certain foods;
• bright light;
• strong odors;
• physical exhaustion.

Migraine triggers vary from person to person, making it important to identify your own triggers and avoid them whenever possible.

Migraine Symptoms

The primary symptom of migraine is severe headache, but the clinical presentation can vary between individuals.

The most common symptoms include:

• throbbing or pulsating headache;
• pain affecting one side of the head;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• sensitivity to light (photophobia);
• sensitivity to loud sounds (phonophobia);
• dizziness;
• general weakness;
• difficulty concentrating.

Some patients experience a migraine aura before the headache starts. Aura may include flashing lights, blind spots, tingling sensations in the arms or legs, or temporary speech difficulties.

How Is Migraine Diagnosed?

Migraine is primarily diagnosed based on a patient's symptoms and medical history.

During the consultation, the neurologist evaluates:

• the characteristics of the headache;
• attack frequency;
• duration of episodes;
• associated symptoms;
• possible triggers;
• family history.

If necessary, additional diagnostic tests may be recommended to rule out other causes of headache.

These may include:

• computed tomography (CT);
• laboratory blood tests;
• consultations with other medical specialists.

Modern diagnostic methods help exclude brain tumors, vascular disorders, the consequences of head injuries, and other conditions that may cause headaches.

How to Increase Hemoglobin: Nutrition and Treatment

Treatment depends on the underlying cause of anemia. In cases of iron deficiency, dietary changes alone are often not enough, and your doctor may prescribe iron supplements or other appropriate medications.

Treatment recommendations typically include:

• following a balanced diet;
• eating iron-rich foods;
• consuming enough protein;
• including foods rich in vitamin C to improve iron absorption;
• taking medications only as prescribed by a healthcare professional;
• treating the underlying condition that caused the anemia.

Taking iron supplements without a confirmed iron deficiency is not recommended, as excessive iron levels can also be harmful to your health.

When Should You See a Doctor?

You should consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

• persistent weakness;
• dizziness;
• pale skin;
• ongoing fatigue;
• low hemoglobin levels shown in blood test results;
• prolonged or heavy bleeding;
• suspected anemia during pregnancy.

The sooner the cause of low hemoglobin is identified, the more effective the treatment will be and the lower the risk of complications.

Conclusion

Low hemoglobin is not a disease itself but an important sign that may indicate an underlying health problem. Early diagnosis helps identify the cause of anemia, choose the most effective treatment, and prevent serious complications. Regular laboratory testing, attention to your health, and timely consultations with your healthcare provider are the best ways to maintain healthy hemoglobin levels and overall well-being.